Radiografia unui accident tragic
April 11th, 2011, Alice-Claudia Gherman
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Acum 25 de ani, eram la Buzău, în armată. Explozia a avut loc pe 26 aprilie, despre nor s-a aflat în România pe 1 mai, pe la prânz.Parcă era o duminică însorită. Atunci am auzit pentru prima dată ţăcănitul sinistru al unui contor Geiger-Muller… Aş vrea să nu-l mai aud niciodată!
Cernobil, în urmă cu 25 de ani şi acum
Radiografia unui accident tragic
Accidentul:
Sâmbătă 26 aprilie 1986, ora 01.23.58.
O explozie catastrofală a vaporilor de apă de la reactorul nr. 4.
Localizare:
Centrala Atomoelectrică de la Cernobîl se află în apropiere de oraşul Pripiat, Ucraina, la 18 km N-V de oraşul Cernobîl si la 130 km N de Kiev. Construcţia centralei a început în anii ’70 ai secolului trecut. Reactorul 1 a şi fost închis în 1977. Numărul 4 a fost construit în 1983. Următoarele două, 5 şi 6, erau în construcţie în 1986. Modelul reactoarelor: RBMK. La S-E centralei se afla un lac artificial de 22 kmp, alături de râul Pripiat, un afluent al Niprului, care a fost construit pentru a oferi apa necesară răcirii reactoarelor.
După explozia de la reactorul nr. 4, din 26 aprilie 1986, norul radioactiv (alcătuit îndeosebi din particule de stronţiu, cesiu 137, iod-131 şi plutoniu) a ajuns la un kilometru altitudine. Combustibilul nuclear a ars timp de zece zile, eliberând o cantitate imensă de radioelemente. Numărul victimelor exploziei de la Cernobîl nu se stie cu exactitate nici acum. Bilanţul total al victimelor (atât la momentul accidentului nuclear, cât şi în timp, ca urmare a expunerii la radiaţii) variază, în funcţie de sursă, de la câteva mii de persoane la 100.000. Unele surse neguvernamentale din Ucraina vorbesc chiar de 734.000 de victime în timp ce altele ridică cifra la 985.000. Suprafeţe mari din Ucraina, Belarus şi Rusia au fost puternic contaminate, fiind evacuate aproximativ 336.000 de persoane. Operaţiunea de curăţare a zonei afectate a durat mai mulţi ani, iar muncitorii care au participat la operaţiune au murit sau au suferit de afecţiuni severe în urma iradierii. Ca urmare a exploziei, în cei 25 de ani de la tragicul eveniment, mii de copii s-au născut şi continuă să se nască cu diverse malformaţii.
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